Diversity of soil bacteria and fungi from vedaranyam taluk, nagapattinam district, tamilnadu, india

In the present study, soil samples were collected from agricultural field of Vedaranyam Taluk, Nagapattinam District and Tamil Nadu. The Physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, temperature, moisture content, organic carbon, electrical conductivity, macro and micro nutrients of soil samples were found to affect the distribution and population of bacteria and fungi. The microbial diversity from the soil sample were analyzed and identified by plating and biochemical characteristics which deals with the diversity and distribution of bacterial and fungal population. Totally 18 different species of soil bacteria and 20 species of fungi were observed. Among the identified bacterial species, Bacillus spp, Enterobacter spp, Pseudomonas spp, Escherichia spp and fungal species namely Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp, Mucor spp, were predominantly present in soil. They are dependent on the nature of substrate and temporal regions that favour the colonization, growth and substrate possession of the bacteria and fungi. Population of soil bacteria and fungi might also get affected by climate. Soil can be managed to optimize its fertility and health under natural and agricultural land uses so as to benefit to bacterial and fungal diversity.