Emergence of malaria in the amazon region and its relation to environmental and health scenarios

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of malaria in the Amazon region and its relationship with environmental, social and health indicators, between 2007 and 2021. Methods: Observational study of incidence rate, lethality and mortality from malaria in the Amazon region and environmental indicators, social and health. Results: Regarding the variation of malaria in the environmental and health scenario, there was an increase in the last 5 years for incidence (10.4%), lethality (38.5%), IPA (10.4), deforestation (44.5%) and fires (17.5%), with 86.1% of cases for P. vivax and 5442.9% of lethality for P. malariae. In deforested areas, Pará (44,972.09km²) and Mato Grosso (20,490.06km²) stand out, with fires between 575.539/PA - 477.707/MT and a higher incidence of malaria in Acre (49791.6/100mil) and Roraima/RR (38154.8/100mil), especially in indigenous areas, which comprise larger deforested areas considering only RR. In the Amazon social view, 77.7% of the states have low income (< R$980), high Gini index (0.5-0.6) and HDI between 0.639-0.729; to the coverage of Basic Care and sanitation, households registered in UBS between 43.8-88.6%, low health plan (<58%); visit of ACE (39.5-78.6%); inadequate sanitary sewage (<64%) and low drainage system (< 70%). To IPA, 55.6% of the states showed an increase (2016-2020), with risk classification in medium and low in 2020 and frequency for agriculture activity. Conclusion: There was an increase in health indicators in the last 5 years and, concomitantly, elevation of deforestation and fires, and incipient social indicators and sanitation, therefore, inferring contributions of these indicators to the elevation of malaria cases in the Amazon region and the hyperendemic state.