Evaluation and Management of Neck Trauma

Aim: A literature review was undertaken to discuss the assessment and management of this injuries to find out thecurrent evidence and guidelines that support surgical management of Penetrating neck injuries. Introduction: The neck region contains a high density of vital organ structures in a relatively small and unprotected anatomic region, making it one of the most vulnerable areas of the body for all types of injuries.25Penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) and stab wounds are not uncommon in the Iran. Because of this type of injuries, we would establish a national guideline in collaborations with trauma centre hospitals and trauma associations. The spectrum of vascular injuries ranges from obvious life-threatening injuries that require immediate treatment to subtle injuries that may appear innocuous on initial examination and yet lead to a major neurologic event Vascular trauma to the neck may result in a catastrophic neurologic deficit or death if not recognized and properlytreated. As we know, every University hospital has its own local surgical routines which might be different from each other. But the Most guidelines are from the USA or South Africa. Method: Authors reviewed 24 articles and literature search for current evidence that can support surgical management ofPenetrating neck injurie. Result: PNIs injuries to the two large neurovascular bundles that are vital to life and might occur with associated injuries to midline aero digestive structures. A detailed knowledge of vascular anatomy and operative exposures along with keen surgical judgment is crucial, especially in the unstable patient where immediate surgical intervention is required. As endovascular skills and technology continue to improve, cerebrovascular injuries are increasingly managed by these methods, relieving the patient of large incisions and their accompanying operative morbidity. Violence in Iran especially in big cities like Tehran, has led to Increasing. There is a need to develop a national PNI guideline that based on international neuro-vascular experiences and reflects the pathology of this type of injurie for general surgeons in Iran. Conclusion: Vascular trauma to the neck and thoracic outlet may result in a catastrophic neurologic deficit or death if not recognized and properly treated.