Groundwater quality status vis-à-vis health risk of the sipri area in jhansi city, Bundelkhand, (India)

Water is the precious gift of nature to human beings. The drinking groundwater of the Sipri area in Jhansi city is going to be polluted day-by-day with increasing urbanization and small industries development. Although three-fourth part of earth is being surrounded by surface water but a little portion of it can be used for drinking purpose. Virtually almost all the surface water in India is unfit for direct consumption. In spite of the fact the Jhnasi municipal water supply in most part of the Jhansi city is not thoroughly treated of surface water, where presence of over contamination by natural and anthropogenic activities. The more stringent treatments would be required to make surface water for potable. The prominent source of groundwater pollution is mainly due to domestic sewage, industrial waste water and agricultural runoff, which affect the quality of water containing bacteria, viruses and pathogens for health risks. The degree of pollution is assessed by studying physico- chemical characteristics of the groundwater available in aquifer. The study was conducted during January 2012 to July 2012 for evaluate the physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, turbidity, chloride, total Hardness, fluoride, iron and nitrate) of groundwater of Jhansi city. Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated from these analytical results and to find the range of all quality of water samples of the Sipri area in the Jhansi city which come under the slightly polluted in characteristics.