Innovative mechanism of limulus amebocyte lysate activation to achieve specificity and sensitivity to endotoxin; comparison with recombinant factor c reagents

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International Journal of Development Research

Volume: 
10
Article ID: 
19019
6 pages
Research Article

Innovative mechanism of limulus amebocyte lysate activation to achieve specificity and sensitivity to endotoxin; comparison with recombinant factor c reagents

Masakazu Tsuchiya

Received 06th March, 2020; Received in revised form 03rd April, 2020; Accepted 11th May, 2020; Published online 29th June, 2020

Copyright © 2020, Masakazu Tsuchiya. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract: 

The Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test is widely used for detection of endotoxin that is one of the most potent pyrogen. The LAL test is an application of the blood coagulation system that has been considered as a simple enzymatic cascade system. Recent studies revealed that the activation of Factor C, the initial factor for the coagulation is intermolecular autocatalytic reaction on endotoxin aggregates. The second coagulation factor, Factor B also seems not to be activated by simple enzymatic reaction. These activations require endotoxin aggregates. Since Factor B is not activated without endotoxin aggregates, the specificity of the LAL to endotoxin is considered to be achieved by both Factor C and Factor B. This suggested the risk of the use of recombinant Factor C (rFC) reagents that are currently considered to be adopted for endotoxin measurement in the European Pharmacopoeia. There is a difference in amplification of the signals between the LAL and rFC reagents, and the difference may increase false results using rFC reagents.

DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.37118/ijdr.19019.05.2020
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