Major considerations of irrigation methods in endodontics: a systematic review

Introduction: Endodontic therapy aims to remove debris from the pulp tissue resulting from the preparation of the root and microorganisms of the root canal system channels, seeking cleaning and complete antisepsis. Also, the drug calcium hydroxide, Ca (OH) and good antimicrobial properties against the majority of endodontic-2 are used in endodontic treatment as intracanal pathogens relevant in tactical terms. Sodium hypochlorite is an irritant solution widely used in chemotherapeutic treatment for a long time with great effectiveness. Gluconatechlorhexidine is a newer product but with excellent properties but there is still considerable controversy over which is the best product for the treatment of the channel. Objective: The objective of the present study was to systematically review the comparative literature to the different methods of endodontic irrigation, as well as to show the different clinical indications for use, in addition to bringing considerations of effectiveness, biocompatibility, and influencing the dentin surface of the solutions irrigation. Major findings and conclusion: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the eradication of microbes from the root canal system and the prevention of reinfection. The root canal is formed with manual and rotating instruments under constant irrigation to remove inflamed and necrotic tissue, microbes/biofilms, and other debris from the root space. There is no single irrigation solution that, by itself, sufficiently covers all the functions required of an irrigator. The ideal irrigation is based on the combined use of 2 different irrigation solutions, specific sequence, to obtain predictably the objectives of safe and effective irrigation. Traditionally, irrigantsare distributed in the space of the chest canal using syringes and metal needles of different sizes and designs. Clinical experience and research have shown, however, that this classic approach typically results in ineffective irrigation, especially in peripheral areas, such as canals, fins, and the most apical part of the main root canal. Therefore, many of the compounds used for irrigation have been chemically modified and several mechanical devices have been developed to improve irrigation penetration and efficiency.