Quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) for domestic non-potable reuse of greywater: a case study for a Brazilian household
International Journal of Development Research
Quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) for domestic non-potable reuse of greywater: a case study for a Brazilian household
Received 29th December, 2017; Received in revised form 09th January, 2018; Accepted 08th February, 2018; Published online 30th March, 2018
Copyright © 2018, Hamilton de Araújo Silva Neto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Reuse of greywater has been studied as an alternative for non-potable uses. The goal of this paper was to quantitatively assess the microbial risk from the reuse of greywater treated in a household case study. A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment was applied to evaluate the treated greywater. This approach was conducted by taking as reference the pathogens Rotavirus, Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium, the worst cases of water-borne diseases of the families of viruses, bacteria and protozoa, respectively, according to World Health Organization. The uses included in this study were garden irrigation and toilet flushing. The findings showed that toilet flushing exposure presented the highest microbial risk with a median value of the order of 2.7⨯10-5 DALY per person per year. Even though this is higher than the World Health Organization recommendation (10-6 DAL Ypppy), it was considered insignificant within other authors’ classification and less hazardous compared to several other actions that cause the health inability in Brazilian population.
