The characteristics of first generation hybrids of wheat in the conditions of drought

In this work, we evaluated the genotypes, which allowed us to obtain flexible forms of the first generation and to study their physiological and biochemical characteristics, compared with the original parental forms. Wheat varieties were grown in two options of water availability: with optimal irrigation (control) and in limited irrigation (experience). To maintain moisture in the soil at a level of 70-75% during the growing season, irrigation was performed in control option. In the experimental version, the soil moisture was 45-50%. According to physiological, biochemical characteristics and yield, relatively drought-resistant varieties were isolated and carried out crossing between them. The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was determined on spectrophotometer (SP-2000), the fluorescence on photosynthesis analyzer (PAM-Germany), and the photochemical activity of chloroplasts on polarograph (OH-103 Hungary). More drought-resistant plants among 20 wheat genotypes were identified. There had been given characteristics of the wheat varieties Barakatly, Qobustan, Garabach, Mirbashir and Shark, which have a higher combining ability, exhibit heterosis in F1 and allow to get the most valuable genotypes. Crossing between drought-resistant genotypes was carried out and hybrids of the first generation were obtained. According to physiological and biochemical characteristics, heterotic forms were revealed, their drought tolerance was studied. Wheat hybrids having the best physiological and biochemical parameters are recommended for further selection.