Efficiency of the using of human and machine the sources in wheat production in beheira governorate

The research problem is represented in the high costs of producing wheat crop as a result of the high prices of production requirements, which may affect the cultivated areas of it, and due to the rapid and successive progress in the transfer of technology in the field of agriculture, especially agricultural operations, it has been possible to replace human work with automated work, after the high wages of rural labor trained women in the fields of agriculture and continuous migration to urban areas as a result of the seasonality of agricultural production on the one hand, and the low wages in the country side compared to the urban ones, which prompted farmers to move towards using automated work in farming methods, to reduce production costs and reduce the time period. The research reached a set of research results, the most important of which are the following: 1-Related to measuring the economic efficiency of the agricultural resources used in the production of wheat in the research sample using the human labor component, it was found that the value of the efficiency coefficient for the first category amounted to about 1.01, which means complete efficiency in the use of the mechanized labor component, and by estimating the efficiency of using the component of the quantity of seeds, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the production Wheat, where the value of its efficiency coefficient is about 5.9, 4.76, and by estimating the efficiency of using the human labor element in wheat production, where the value of its efficiency coefficient is about 0.74, while the value of the efficiency coefficient for the second category is about 1.96, which means that producers can achieve efficiency in the use of wheat. The element in the production of wheat by increasing the quantities used of it until the value of the marginal yield of the element equals the unit price of it. And by estimating the efficiency of using the element of machine work in wheat production, where the value of its efficiency coefficient is about 0.91, which means that producers can achieve efficiency in using the two elements in wheat production by reducing the quantities used of it until the value of the marginal yield of the element equals the unit price of it. 2- It is clear from estimation of the marginal rate of technological substitution of mechanical work with human labor for the wheat crop for the first holding category that to increase the amount of mechanical work by one working hour, it is necessary to dispense with an amount of human work amounting to about 1.64 men / day in order to achieve the same level of production, while it is clear to increase the amount of mechanical work by one hour of work, it is necessary to dispense with the amount of human labor of about 1 man / day, in order to achieve the same level of production for the second class of ownership. The obtained results are consistent with the economic logic, whereby the marginal rate of technological substitution of robotic labor with human labor decreases with the increase in the quantities used. 3- It was found that the most important obstacles to automated work were represented in the rise of the purchase price for the machine with a repetition of about 44 at a rate of about 88%, with a minimum of about 0.79 and a maximum of about 0.97 for the first category, while the repetition amounted to about 47 at a rate of about 88%, and the confidence interval ranged the probability of the problem occurring is between a minimum of about 0.87 and a maximum of about 1.01 for the second category. In the second and third place came the lack of funding and the inadequacy of the machine with a frequency of about 38, 22 with a rate of about 76%, 44% with a minimum of about 0.64, 0.30 and a maximum of about 0.88, 0.58 for each of them, respectively, for the first category, while the frequency was about 36, 21 at a rate of about 72%, 42% with a minimum of about 0.60, 0.28 and a maximum of about 0.84, 0.56 for each of them, respectively, for the second category.