A review on gut microbiome: footprint of human health

The human microbiome or microbiota consists of various microorganisms like bacteria, archaea, viruses and eukaryotes residing within and outside our bodies. The human gut possesses millions of microbes that defining a complex microbial community.Indigenous organisms in the human body are well adapted to the immune system, due to the biological interaction of the organisms with the immune system over the course of time. An alteration in the intestinal microbial community (Gut microbiome) plays a significant role in human health and disease development. These organisms have an influence on human physiology including good health and disease presenting to detriment metabolic and immune functions. Micro-organisms colonise different sites on and in the human body, where they acclimatize to distinct features of each niche. Researches have disclosed the influence of gut microbiome not only on human mind and health status, but also in extensive range of disease switching, ranging from cardio-metabolic diseases, allergies and obesities to life-threatening diseases such as cancer. The human gut microorganisms (mostly non-pathogenic) have symbiotic host relationships and are usually associated with the host’s immunity to defend against pathogenic invasion. The mechanism leading to the disease development has a correlation with gut microbiota, metabolic products, and host immune response in humans. The understanding of mechanisms over gut microbiota exerts its positive or harmful impacts remains largely undefined. A comprehensive understanding of gut microbiota interactions, its role in health and disease, and recent updates on the subject are the striking topics of the current review.