A Retrospective study on causative factors among urolithiasis patients in selected hospitals, Jalandhar, Punjab

Urolithiasis, a common urological disorder affecting both males and females, results from the formation of stones in the urinary system due to crystal aggregation of dietary minerals. Major contributing factors include age, gender, climate, obesity, dietary habits, stress, low fluid intake, occupation, genetic predisposition, and metabolic changes. Prevention primarily involves dietary modifications and increased hydration. This retrospective quantitative study was conducted at Civil Hospital Jalandhar, Punjab, with 100 urolithiasis patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a self-structured checklist. Findings revealed that 38% of patients had recurrent urinary tract infections, 45% consumed excessive beverages, 77% lived in hot climates, 65% had a sedentary lifestyle, 39% had hypertension and anemia, 39% were on calcium supplements and pain-relieving medication, 77% consumed excessive oxalate-rich vegetables, and 75% drank less than two liters of water daily. Based on these findings, an information booklet on lifestyle modifications for preventing recurrence was distributed among patients. The study highlights the need for preventive strategies, and future research should assess the effectiveness of structured educational programs on dietary modifications for urolithiasis prevention.