Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Selective icu in West Bengal: Incidence and Contributing Factor

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant hospital-acquired infection in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours following endotracheal intubation. In critically ill individuals, VAP increases mortality risk, prolongs ventilator dependence, extends hospital stays, and raises healthcare costs. This prospective study was conducted on sixty mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the critical care units of IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, with VAP diagnosed using the modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS > 6). Analysis of clinical records and patient observation identified several factors significantly associated with the development of VAP (p < 0.05), including reintubation, initiation of enteral feeding, changes in ventilator circuits when mucus was present, poor hand hygiene practices, and failure to maintain head-of-bed elevation between 30–45°. Additionally, a longer duration of intubation was linked to a higher risk of VAP. The findings emphasize the importance of targeting these modifiable factors to reduce VAP incidence. Routine screening, early diagnosis, and timely treatment are essential to minimize the associated morbidity and mortality. The study also underscores the need for enhanced education and adherence to best practices, particularly among nursing professionals, to improve outcomes in critical care settings.