Past Issue

Ectopic eruption of teeth into a region other than the oral cavity is rare although there have been reports of teeth in the nasal septum, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, palate, chin and maxillary sinus. Occasionally, a tooth may erupt in the maxillary sinus and present with local sinonasal symptoms attributed to chronic sinusitis. We present a case of an ectopic maxillary third molar tooth that caused chronic purulent sinusitis in relation to the right maxillary sinus.

Forensic odontology has been used for identification of victims and suspects in mass disasters, abuse and crimes. In order to make forensic odontology a more accurate, reliable, and reproducible investigatory tool to be presented at the court of law, the limitations though very few, has to be identified. This will be hugely satisfying for those who would like to see the perpetuators of crime be given justice and punished through concrete evidence to seal their fate.

The destruction / break / rupture / discontinuity of body tissue / part of body, is called Vrana.” The healing of wound or an ulcer is the natural mechanism of the body. Naturally wound will heal in one week if no Doshic invasion (infection) takes place. Presence of infection is one of the important factor which impair wound healing. A healthy wound heals with minimum scar as compared to infected wound. Classics of Ayurveda especially Sushruta has elaborately explained details of wound and its management. A clean wound in a normal body heals earlier as compared to contaminated wound.

In osteoarthritis (OA), mechanical stress on articular cartilage stimulates to produce excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies have provided ample confirmation of the generation of ROS and the depletion of cellular antioxidants in degenerated articular cartilage. 8-Oxoguanine, an oxidized form of guanine, is produced by ROS in DNA. 8-oxoguanine is thought to be a major causative lesion for mutagenesis by ROS, since it can form a stable base pair with adenine as well as with cytosine during DNA replication.

Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a most important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide as well as in Pakistan. Recent studies have shown that the combination of obesity, insulin resistance and fluctuation in circulating adipocytokines levels is associated with the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Omentin-1 is recently found adipocytokine that is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue. It has anti- inflammatory properties and is negatively correlated with ischemic heart disease.

Phagocytes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidase (NOX), or respiratory burst oxidase, which play an essential role in the progression of inflammatory disorders. NOX is composed of a membrane-associated heterodimer (flavocytochromeb558, consisting of subunits gp91phox/NOX2 and p22phox), and four cytosolic components (p47phox, p67phox, p40phox and Rac1/2).

The given article highlights the alternations on an economic life, likewise on the silkworm sphere after conquering the country by Russian Empire. Moreover, this article describes in what way country handicraftsmen spared local traditions and how they attempted to keep customer’s demand on preparing quality of silk objects and rearing the silk in the silkworm. Problems as silkworm production demonstrations were analyzed by local handicraftsmen and industrial plant In Turkistan exhibitions.

Muslims in India are in the developing stage in socio-economic fields. At the same time they are lagging many fields such as education compared to other religious communities. This paper enhances the various reasons for the educational backwardness of Muslims especially Muslim girls in the country. For this purpose the author conducted a study among the parents and teachers of the dropout girls from Muslim and other disadvantaged groups. The objective of the study was to understand the various factors affecting the discontinuation of girl children’s school education.

Poverty as a phenomenon is found in almost all countries. The question is whether poverty and inequality can only be solved with the systems of social protection and social security, or they must be changed and supplemented with innovative solutions that will prevent the potential social conflicts. Inequality perceived as discrimination and social exclusion of people from the social opportunities in the countries of Europe and separately from south-eastern Europe is analyzed and compared from the aspects of the established models as correctors.

The objective of this research is to estimate the value of the canga vegetation in the Carajás Flona, which includes rare and endemic species. An economic and ecological approach was used to selectthe explanatory variables of the integrated contingent valuation method (ICVM), specified by the equations willingness to pay (WTP) for the preservation and willingness to accept (WTA), and the canga´s indemnity. The mean values of WTP and WTA were R$ 4,073.84/ha and R$ 4,415.56/ha, respectively.