Past Issue

Reports describing the clinical relationship between supernumerary fourth molars and adjacent third molars are exceedingly scarce. The present case involves a unilateral impaction of a right maxillary fourth molar, identified in the presence of a normally erupted right maxillary third molar. The patient sought consultation due to persistent irritation of the right buccal mucosa caused by repeated cheek biting.

The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Cooperative (LPDB-KUMKM) in Indonesia is a business entity that provides loan services to its members through savings and loan units. In practice, loans are based on a written agreement addressed to the debtor to fulfill their obligations as stated in the agreement. However, in practice, many debtors still do not fulfill their obligations to repay the loan according to the terms and time limits that have been determined.

India has emerged as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and is projected to become the third-largest global economy in the coming decade. However, this impressive macroeconomic performance coexists with persistent and deepening economic inequality, raising critical questions about the inclusiveness of India’s growth process. Drawing on evidence from the World Inequality Report 2024, this article examines the scale, patterns, and structural drivers of income and wealth inequality in contemporary India.

This article analyzes Rousseau's thoughts on nature. Seeking answers to today's ecological questions, we felt it important to revisit the texts of philosophers from centuries before the advent of ecological thought as it is presented today. Thus, we examine Rousseau's thinking on nature. Rousseau began with his perception of nature. In his view, nature is like an organism whose elements maintain mutual relationships from which they derive their value and which give nature its value.

Schistosomiasis is a widespread parasitic disease. It is a major public health problem in Chad, especially among rural populations. This study was conducted in the 9th district of the city of Ndjamena. Its purpose was to assess urinary schistosomiasis infection in children aged 5 to 12 years. Urine samples were collected from children aged 5 to 12 years who attended consultations at the five centers. The urine samples were examined using the filtration technique. Three hundred and nine (309) samples were examined, revealing the respective prevalences of S.

Trout culture represents a key cold-water aquaculture activity in Kashmir, offering scope for livelihood diversification and sustainable rural development. This study examines the socio-economic characteristics of trout farmers in Kashmir and their implications for aquaculture development. Based on primary data collected from sampled farmers, the analysis employs descriptive statistical techniques. The results indicate that trout farming is largely practiced by middle-aged farmers, with a mean age of 43 years.

Euphorbia hirta has long been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including gastrointestinal disorders, bacterial infections and respiratory conditions. Notably, its potential as an aphrodisiac and fertility enhancer have been reported in ethnoveterinary practices, where it is administered to improve the reproductive performance of male animals. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of E.

Esta revisión analiza los efectos de Bacillus subtilis en el crecimiento, la producción de huevos y la modulación del microbioma intestinal de las aves de corral. La evidencia científica indica que este probiótico mejora la absorción de nutrientes, la conversión alimenticia y la integridad intestinal, al tiempo que reduce la presencia de bacterias patógenas en el intestino delgado. Además, sus propiedades inmunomoduladoras fortalecen la resistencia a enfermedades y mejoran el bienestar general de las aves.

Inclusive education has become a defining priority in global educational policy, reflecting a paradigm shift from segregated models of Special Education toward approaches grounded in equity, participation and human rights. This study examines how leading international organizations - UNESCO, UNICEF, the OECD, the UN through the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the World Bank - conceptualize disability inclusion and articulate policy recommendations designed to support educational transformation.

Le XIXe siècle est marqué par une série de bouleversements et changements qui affectent les Africains. En effet, à la faveur de la traite atlantique de la fin XVIe siècle et surtout de la colonisation européenne des XVIIIe-XIXe siècle, le christianisme introduit depuis lors s’est révélé préoccupant pour la majorité des Africains.