Islamic philosophy and politics
Muslims are divided to three camps: the moderate, the fundamentalist and the liberal. Yet these three current political movements are shaped by Islamic philosophy. The Muslim philosopher Al-Ghazali articulated the moderate stance of most of the Muslims through accepting both religion, namely Islam, and reason as genuine criteria of knowledge and truth. And the Muslim philosopher Ibn Taymiyyah laid down the foundations of the dominant Islamic fundamentalism through endorsing the doctrine that Islam is the ultimate criterion of knowledge and truth.