Physical Sciences and Engineering

Hydraulic operated equipments are used in various fields. Some of them include lowering and raising of chair hydraulically in Barber or Dentist shops, In an Automobile hydraulic jack is raised for grease job. Stepping on the brake pedal creates the hydraulic power, which stops the rotation of the four wheelers or two wheelers to stop. In order to bend pipes, rods and bars hydraulic bending machine is the most suitable equipment. The pipe or rod to be bent is supported between the holders and jack is actuated on pipe.

Production of biodiesel from microalgae is a rapidly growing field of research. The coming global oil crisis implies that alternatives to the diesel must be developed. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, plants like Jatropha and Sunflower etc. Studies shows that algae are the promising source of biodiesel production. Photosynthetic efficiency of microalgae is much higher than other plants and can be produced in non-arable land. Microalgae species have the potential to accumulate lipids at more than 50% of their biomass.

A benzoyl hydrazine derivative was successfully characterized as an “off-on” type fluorescent probe for Zn2+. A prominent fluorescence enhancement at 480 nm was observed in the presence of Zn2+, accompanied by the change in the absorption spectrum in ethanol-water solution (9:1, v:v, pH 6.3, 20 mM HEPES). With the optimized experimental conditions, the probe exhibited a dynamic response range for Zn2+ from 0.5 μM to 4.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.16 μM.

The title compound [Ni(C7H8N4O)2]Cl2.2H2O, has been synthesized and characterized by  single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in a triclinic, space group P -1 with a = 9.9247 (8) Å, b = 10.3694 (9) Å, c = 12.2201 (10) Å, α=110.765 (6)°, β = 96.948 (7)°, γ = 103.040 (7)°, V = 1117.37 (16) Å3, Z=2, R = 0.061 and wR = 0.181. In the title compound there are two crystallographically independent cations and anions and two water molecules in the asymmetric unit.

The present study is aimed at assessing the physico chemical characteristics of water samples collected from the mangrove forest in Bhitarkanika. Mangrove forest is a component of wetlands that has been recognized as one of the most productive ecosystems. Physico-chemical analysis of water samples of Bhitarkanika mangrove forest, Odisha, India, was studied for a period of one year during January 2013 to December-2013. Atmospheric and surface water temperatures (◦C) varied from 19◦C to 33◦C and 22◦C to 29◦C respectively.

According to “The International Diabetes Federation”, the number of people living with diabetes worldwide is expected to rise from 366 million in 2011 to 552 million by 2030. This equates to approximately three new cases every ten seconds or almost ten million cases per year. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reports a projected prevalence of 70 million patients in India by the year 2025, and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that India will have 80 million cases of diabetes by 2030.

Ib is an important river of Jashpur district (C.G.). Two sampling station viz., station 1 Dhondidand and station 2 Dhondibahar, were established for the collection of water samples during July 2012 to Oct 2012. Monitoring of water of river Ib includes physico-chemical parameters and analysis of iron and copper metal. The temperature was 18.20C to 24.60C, pH of river water ranges from 7.12 to 7.85, Turbidity ranging between 11 NTU to 14 NTU, Conductivity ranged from 50 μs/sec to 55 μs/sec, Alkalinity was 7mg/l to 11 mg/l. TDS ranged from 32 mg/l to 44mg/l.

Einstein, in the equations of the General Relativity, departs from three premises: 1/ Equivalence between inertia, gravity and mass. 2/ Distortion of the space for the mass, and equivalence between mass and spatial distortion. 3/ Equivalence between gravity and uniformly accelerated motion. From this viewpoint conceptual and pre-relativist is where I have something to add. I try to postulate the braking effect as equivalent to gravity. Then results it make more understandable the gravity, the inertia, the uniformly accelerated motion and also the mass.

Cardanol an agricultural byproduct of cashew industry with m-cresol in various molar concentrations were condensed with formaldehyde. The resins R1, R2 and R3 thus prepared and characterized. The spectral studies confirm that the ortho substitution is favoured when the concentration of m-cresol is more. Polyurethanes PUR1, PUR2 and PUR3 were prepared using this resins and hexamethylene diisocyanate, an aliphatic diisocyanate. The polyurethanes were characterized by thermal, mechanical and x-ray diffraction studies. The polyurethanes have good thermal stability.

Densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) have been measured at 308.15 K over the entire composition range of binary mixtures of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) with benzene (B), methyl benzene (MB), ethyl benzene (EB), chloro benzene (CB), bromo benzene (BB) and nitro benzene (NB). This measured data have been utilized to calculate excess molar volume (VE), excess viscosity (ηE) and excess gibbs free energy for activation of viscous flow (G*E) and Grunberg-Nissan interaction parameter (d1). The values of these excess functions are fitted to the Redlich Kister equation.