Past Issue

Aim in this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Bioglue for suture line in the repair of hypospadias. Back ground: Bioglue has been used in the treatment of many surgical diseases. The main purpose of Bioglue was as protective layer for traditional suture line or replacement of traditional suture line. Different studies evaluated different methods and techniques to reduce urethra-cutaneous fistula which is a major complication of hypospadias repair. But review of literatures reveals that they were not successful completely.

To perform the cross-mapping of interventions indicated by nurses with those proposed by the Nursing Interventions Classification for the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Methods: this is a descriptive and exploratory study that used the cross-mapping method to map the interventions performed by nurses in a pediatric intensive care unit with those described in the Nursing Interventions Classification for the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern.

Aims: We want to introduce a modified technique of two stage orchiopexy which has good safety margin, regarding vascular damage and testicular atrophy. Methods and Material: From March 2002 to July 2005,195 testes underwent Orchiopexy in patients with mean age 2.5 years (range,1-4). Thirty six of 195 were impalpable, 16 of 36 had modified two stage orchiopexy. In first stage testis anchored to the pubic tubercle, then in the second stage redissected with wide inguinal canal mobilization. All were followed with P/E, sonographicmeasurement, testosterone level for 6-12 month.

Introduction: Post partum period is one of the most important stages for the mother-child dichotomy, and has been influenced by multiple cultural beliefs and practices transmitted from generation to generation. Internationally, many studies describe the traditional beliefs and practices surrounding childbearing process, some traditional practices are beneficial to the mother and baby, whereas other practices are not. Cultural postpartum beliefs and practices are common in many countries. Aim of study to assess the cultural beliefs on postnatal care among mothers.

A lung herniation is a protrusion of the lung beyond the normal boundaries of the thoracic cavity through a defect in the thoracic wall. Extra thoracic lung herniation can be either congenital or acquired, acquired lung hernias can be further subdivided according to cause[1]. Traumatic lung herniation is an exceptionally rare complication to blunt and penetrating trauma[2]. Method: In this article we present a case series of 14 patients that suffered lung herniation secondary to trauma and a review of the literature

The issue of man and various aspects of his knowledge are the subject of various sciences, psychology, sociology, ethics, history, medicine, and so on. These are sciences that each deal with a particular perspective on human thought. “Zar Universe” is one of the subjects that has long been the subject of struggle between Confirmers and Deniers and has been studied in various sciences. Therefore, in this article, we are going to look at the positive and the neglected words and, given these, we can take a small step to make it clear.

Introduction: Mosquito borne diseases pose an immense public health concern and its related knowledge, practices and behavior of the young adult population is essential to develop behavioral change communication messages and policymaking for its prevention and control.

Neurodegenerative diseases have an increasing prevalence in the population over 65 years of age. In this context, adenosine antagonists have a neuromodulatory role mainly in the hippocampus region, contributing to the maintenance and improvement of memory. Adenosine antagonists are promising in studies of preventive drugs for complications of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of 7- (β-hydroxyethyl) theophylline and 8-phenyl theophylline, on the acquisition and retention of spatial memory of mice.

Background: Hypertensive disorders have become increasingly prevalent and complicate an increasing number of pregnancies. Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy.1 Hypertension affects 10% of all pregnancies and is accompanied by an increase in fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: 1) To study the prevalence of hypertension in pregnant women 2) To create awareness among pregnant women about prevention of hypertension during pregnancy.

Vitamin B12 is a crucial B vitamin. It is needed for nerve tissue health, brain function, and the production of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 deficiency is common, especially among the older population (1). The clinical manifestations and complications of vitamin B12 deficiency result from the effects of low vitamin B12 levels on the body systems, including: impaired cognition, depression, delusions, sensory loss, autonomic dysfunction, pancytopenia, macrocytosis, and cardiomyopathy. (2).