Past Issue

There are numerous harmful substances found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Nicotine is one of these substances that may be acquired through active and passive smoking. In man nicotine is commonly consumed via smoking cigarettes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate whether smoking has effects on kidney functions in Sudanese young students. Eighty subjects were included in this study, 40 none smoking males as the control group (healthy males) and the other 40 as smoker group, whom smoking more than 12 cigarette /day.

Aims and Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence, etiological and other associated  factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in GB Pant hospital, Kashmir. Jaundice is a common problem in neonatology. Early recognition of the cause of  jaundice is very important as delay in management may lead to serious complications or even death.

Objective: This study tried to elucidate the role of the cardiopulmonary bypass on the early postoperative immunoglobulin G levels and any probable effects on the postoperative outcome of the patients.
Methods: 99 consecutive patients were studied. The evening after surgery the level of the IgG was obtained. The postoperative course of each patient during the first three days was followed. One way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

Background: A total of 150diabetic patients were selected retrospectively from Khartoum State Diabetic Care Centers, this group divided to two equal groups, had been analyzed using the knowledge and practice of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients after implementation of health education program. Group (cases) the program was implemented and the other group was considered as a control (75 patients for each group).

Background: A total of 150diabetic patients were selected retrospectively from Khartoum State Diabetic Care Centers, this group divided to two equal groups, had been analyzed using the certain risk factors of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients after implementation of health education program. Group (cases) the program was implemented and the other group was considered as a control (75 patients for each group).

The henna leaf solution is important plant in veterinary medicine for treating of some cases in farm animals like wound healing, constipation and other internal or external conditions, especially when they are resistant to treatment methods. This study included 12 rats where divided into two groups, each group included 6 rats. The first group was considered as a control group, without any treatment. While the second group had been given 500mg/Kg body weight of henna solution which was administered orally by stomach tube for 60 days.

With the retinue of endorsements and adoption that have so far heralded President Goodluck Jonathan’s  second term ambition within and outside the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) hierarchy, many believe the coast is clear for the President to ride on unhindered having being adopted as the sole candidate of the party in the 2015 presidential election.  The national leadership of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) finally cleared its elected officials to participate in events organized in support of President Goodluck Jonathan’s candidacy ahead of the 2015 presidential election.

The paper provides a schematic overview of aid in least developed countries and examines the trend and relationship between aid and exports, imports, investment, savings, real exchange rate, government expenditure, debt and growth during the structural adjustment and heavily indebted poor countries initiatives in Ghana. It is found that increase in aid had a positive effect on economic growth, exports, government expenditure, investment, and debt service payments and aid did not displace savings.

The study investigated the importance of marketing research in improving corporate social responsibility adopted by Seven Up in Enugu. Most firms the world over tend to adopt the same approach in delivering corporate social responsibility projects and this seems to be a myopic approach as countries differ in many dimensions and perspectives. The specific objectives were to assess the extent of the relationship between marketing research and community development projects and also, to determine the extent of the effect of marketing research on community relationship.

Culture is a pattern of meanings embodied in symbols handed down through history. Identifies the following problems: 1 How the meaning of symbols that exist in the arts of Dance Sintren Cirebon ?. 2 How do people's responses on the traditional arts Dance Sintren ?. 3 How is the moral message contained on the dance sintren ?. The research method in this study is through qualitative methods with an ethnographic approach. The results of the study are contained 1.